Producción de un genotipo superior a partir de un cultivo de papa agria mediante la variación somaclonal

Este estudio se realizó para producir un genotipo superior de la variedad de papa Agria usando variación somaclonal. Se utilizaron dos explantes de hojas y meristemas en combinación con cuatro dosis de 2,4-D (0, 2, 3 y 4 mg / l) para la inducción de callos en un modelo factorial basado en un diseño completamente al azar con 3 repeticiones. Los resultados mostraron que el explante de meristemo, junto con 3 mg de 2,4-D produjeron los callos más adecuados. En el medio de regeneración mencionado se regeneraron los mejores callos y se seleccionó uno de los genotipos regenerados, que era muy diferente al cultivar parental. El genotipo regenerado, se comparó con el genotipo materno (Agria) y un cultivar control (Sante), en un experimento de campo basado en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con 3 repeticiones. Los resultados mostraron que en términos de la mayoría de los rasgos estudiados, como peso del tubérculo por planta, longitud del estolón, porcentaje de materia seca y porcentaje de almidón, el nuevo genotipo fue superior, en comparación con la variedad parental y en términos de porcentaje de piel y madurez. fecha, el cultivar parental fue superior. Los resultados de la comparación molecular también mostraron que, según el marcador CBDP, tanto en términos de número de banda como de tamaño de banda, había diferencias entre el nuevo genotipo y el cultivar parental. En general, los resultados mostraron que la variación somaclonal puede ser un método eficaz para generar nuevos genotipos con características superiore

The combined use of silicon and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress on Matthiola incana

Effects of the application of potassium silicate (PS) and an arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus (AMF) (Glomus mosseae) were investigated on alleviating the impacts of drought stress on Matthiola incana in a split-split-plot experiment in two consecutive years. The main plot was assigned to drought stress at three levels of irrigation (25%, 50%, 70%, of field capacity) comparing with control (100% of field capacity) and the sub-plots were assigned to AMF at two levels (0 and 200 g of fungi in pots) and sub-sub plots were assigned to potassium silicate (PS) at three levels (0, 200, and 400 ppm). The application of PS with fungus increased colonization percentage regardless of the drought stress level. Regarding the interaction of drought stress and PS, it was revealed that the application of 400 and 200 ppm of PS elevated the contents of chlorophylls a, b, and total at all drought stress levels. Also, deficit irrigation versus the normal irrigation increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content both in non-AMF and AMF-containing treatments. The lowest catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) contents were obtained from the treatment of 400 ppm of PS, while the highest were related to the treatment of 0 ppm of PS. Proline content was reduced by the application of 200 g of AMF and 400 ppm of PS at moderate and severe (25% FC) drought stress levels. In general, at moderate and severe drought stress levels, some physiological traits were improved by the foliar application of 400 ppm PS and Glomus mosseae inoculation

The Effects of Micro Elements of Iron and Zinc on Morphological Characteristics of Mycorrhized Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Deficiency of micro-nutrients in human diet may cause health problems. To increase the amount of these elements in the edible parts of the plants would eliminate the incidence of these health problems. Thus, the effects of iron and zinc on seed yield and morphological characteristics of mycorrhized barley (cv. Bahman) root was studied in Karaj, Iran, during growing season of 2013-14. It was carried out in afactorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments consisted two levels of mycorrhiza, non-inoculation (M0) and inoculation with 10 kg/ha of Glomus intraradices (M1), and three levels of iron from Fe-EDDHA (Sequestrene138) as control (F0), 2.5 kg/ha (F1) and 5kg/ha (F2) and three levels of zinc as zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) as control (Z0), 25 kg/ha (Z1) and 50 kg/ha (Z2). The results showed that application of mycorrhiza increased parameters like total root length (TRL), root length density (RLD), specific root length (SLR), root colonization percentage and grain yield by 900.6 cm, 0.52 cm/cm3, 1738.1 cm/g, 5.41% and 1ton/ha respectively. Mean comparisons also revealed that using iron, mycorrhiza and without Zn application increased levels of root dry weight (RDW) by 2.81 g

The Sensitivity Analysis of the Drainage Unsteady Equations against the Depth of Drain Placement and Rainfall Time at the Shallow Water-Bearing Layers: A Case Study of Markazi Province, Iran

This research investigated various drainage parameters for unsteady conditions, including depth of installation, reflection coefficient, and depth of water table. For this purpose, Bouwer & Van Schilfgarrd, Dumm, Glover, Hemmad, and Bouwer equations were used. For the distance of computed drainage compared with measured data in central Iran, the results showed that the Bouwer & Van Schilfgaarde equation is better than others. Additionally, the installed depth was obtained 130 cm below the exiting underground, and this depth was applicable more than other depths; 1, 3, and 5-day precipitation were used to determine water table changes. The results illustrated that a 5-day duration had a better effect, which appeared in the existing condition drainage area. The reflection coefficient for the superior equation was also obtained as 0.65, which was very close to the measured data in the area. Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Standard deviation (σ) were used to evaluate the results. MAE, RMSE, and σ were computed as 1.78, 2.02, and 0.02, for the superior equation respectively, and the appropriate distance between the two drains was determined as 51.26 m. The obtained results have a close agreement with other researchers in this regard

The Sensitivity Analysis of the Drainage Unsteady Equations against the Depth of Drain Placement and Rainfall Time at the Shallow Water-Bearing Layers: A Case Study of Markazi Province, Iran

This research investigated various drainage parameters for unsteady conditions, including depth of installation, reflection coefficient, and depth of water table. For this purpose, Bouwer & Van Schilfgarrd, Dumm, Glover, Hemmad, and Bouwer equations were used. For the distance of computed drainage compared with measured data in central Iran, the results showed that the Bouwer & Van Schilfgaarde equation is better than others. Additionally, the installed depth was obtained 130 cm below the exiting underground, and this depth was applicable more than other depths; 1, 3, and 5-day precipitation were used to determine water table changes. The results illustrated that a 5-day duration had a better effect, which appeared in the existing condition drainage area. The reflection coefficient for the superior equation was also obtained as 0.65, which was very close to the measured data in the area. Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Standard deviation (σ) were used to evaluate the results. MAE, RMSE, and σ were computed as 1.78, 2.02, and 0.02, for the superior equation respectively, and the appropriate distance between the two drains was determined as 51.26 m. The obtained results have a close agreement with other researchers in this regard